A military engineer, mathematician and Convention deputy, Carnot joined the Committee of Public Safety in August 1793 and played a leading role in planning operations and coordinating the Republic’s armies. His contribution to the military successes of Year II later earned him the name “Organiser of Victory”. He served as one of the five Directors from 1795 until the coup of 18 Fructidor, and briefly as minister of war under the Consulate. Returning to government during the Hundred Days, he was proscribed after the Second Restoration and settled in Magdeburg, where he died in 1823.
