The son of the Protestant pastor Paul Rabaut, Rabaut Saint-Étienne campaigned before 1789 for the civil recognition of French Protestants. Elected for the Third Estate of Nîmes and Beaucaire, he demanded full civic equality rather than toleration, served on the constitutional committee and proposed a system of national education. In the Convention, where he represented the Aube, he associated with deputies around Brissot and joined the Commission of Twelve. Arrested after 2 June 1793, he escaped and was declared an outlaw. Discovered in Paris on 5 December, he was brought before the Revolutionary Tribunal, which confirmed his identity under the outlawry decree. He was executed that day.